Integrated system architectures and methods of use

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are systems, methods and apparatuses for an integrated system and architectures comprising a central processing unit (CPU) located a substantial physical distance from a sample.

BACKGROUND

The invention generally relates to imaging systems and more particularlyto integrated architectures.

Intravascular imaging systems employ an architecture consisting of CPUcomponents on a roll-around cart with the sample path of aninterferometer extending (≈3 m) to the patient via anon-user-disconnectable Patient Interface Module (PIM) or a PatientInterface Unit (PIU) or a DOC. The short PIM cable forces the system tobe located physically near the patient to avoid problems associated withlong separation distance (i.e. optical dispersion and z-offsetperturbation) and a permanently connected PIM cable avoids problemswith, connector damage/debris (i.e. insertion loss), which is difficultto avoid in the catheter lab environment when users are not trainedfiber optic technicians.

Imaging systems that are integrated into surgical suites orcatheterization labs have the unique challenge of transmittinginformation at high data rates between instrumentation which isgenerating interferometric signals (e.g. light source, interferometer,and photoreceivers), capturing the information (e.g. digitizer), andanalyzing such information (e.g. host computer, display node, archivalserver, etc). Traditional imaging systems, such as that contained on acart, do not have this challenge because the generation, capture, andanalysis devices are located in close proximity and the digitizer andhost are directly interconnected on a CPU's internal bus (e.g.Peripheral Component Interconnect “PCI” or Peripheral ComponentInterconnect express “PCIe”). Presently known devices or systems containimage capture/digitization electronics that are located in closeproximity to and therefore directly coupled to the host system's bus(e.g. in a PCIe card slot). These systems do not have the challenges oftransmitting high-bandwidth data across long distances (≈15+ meters).

The present invention attempts to solve these problems as well asothers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided herein are systems, methods and apparatuses for integratedsystems. The integrated system generally comprises a control room and/ora work station that is remote from the patient table and a patient areawhere some portion of the integrated system resides in close proximityto the patient table allowing a user to connect an imaging device viasome bedside interface. The control room and/or work station is operablyassociated with the patient area and the control room or work station isa substantial physical distance from the patient area.

In another embodiment, a method of integrating systems comprises:separating the computer processing unit from a sample by a substantialphysical distance, wherein the substantial physical distance is at leastabout 5 m; operably associating an imaging system to the sample and thecomputer processing unit; and sending image data from the sample to thecomputer processing unit.

The methods, systems, and apparatuses are set forth in part in thedescription which follows, and in part will be obvious from thedescription, or can be learned by practice of the methods, apparatuses,and systems. The advantages of the methods, apparatuses, and systemswill be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinationsparticularly pointed out in the appended claims. It is to be understoodthat both the foregoing general description and the following detaileddescription are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictiveof the methods, apparatuses, and systems, as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying figures, like elements are identified by likereference numerals among the several preferred embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an integrated system; FIG. 1B is aschematic diagram of an extended interferometer sample path; and FIG. 1Cis a schematic diagram of an extended source path and detector system.

FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of an extended digitizer-CPU system; FIG.2B is a schematic diagram of an extended digitizer-CPU mobile system;and FIG. 2C is an extended digitizer-CPU laptop system.

FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a dual light path and digital PIMcable system; FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a dual light path andanalog PIM cable system; FIG. 3C is a schematic diagram of a PIMintegrated interferometer system; and FIG. 3D is a schematic diagram ofa PIM integrated interferometer system.

FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a distributed interferometer system;FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of another distributed interferometersystem; FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of another distributedinterferometer system; FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram of anotherdistributed interferometer system; FIG. 4E is a schematic diagram ofanother distributed interferometer system; and FIG. 4F is a schematicdiagram of another distributed interferometer system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention areapparent from the following detailed description of exemplaryembodiments, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Thedetailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of theinvention rather than limiting the scope of the invention being definedby the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Generally speaking, a variety of architecture concepts is based on anintegrated system comprising a central processing unit (CPU) that islocated a substantial physical distance from a sample, as shown in FIGS.1-4, In one embodiment, the sample is a patient's vessel located withina patient area; alternatively, the sample is in any surgery suite,operation room, patient care area, operation site, and the like. Theintegrated systems are designed to locate the sample a substantialphysical distance away from an imaging system's centralprocessing/display/archival unit, as is necessary for cardiaccatheterization lab and other procedural patient room integrationincluding inpatient and outpatient surgical suites that are appropriatesettings for the use of imaging devices (e.g. control room or remotework station separated from patient table by multiple meters). Asdescribed herein, a substantial physical distance is greater than atleast 5 m, alternatively, greater than at least 10 m, alternatively,between at least 1 and 1000 m. In one embodiment, a substantial physicaldistance may be inside of a control room or other remote location awayfrom the sample.

The present architectures are described herein as the imaging systemsrelate to Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) systems; however, theintegrated systems may also be applied to other imaging systems,including by way of example and not limitation, such as spectroscopicdevices, (including fluorescence, absorption, scattering, and Ramanspectroscopies), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), Forward-Looking IVUS(FLIVUS), high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), radiofrequency,thermal imaging or thermography, optical light-based imaging, magneticresonance, radiography, nuclear imaging, photoacoustic imaging,electrical impedance tomography, elastography, pressure sensing wires,intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), forward looking ICE and orthopedic,spinal imaging and neurological imaging, image guided therapeuticdevices or therapeutic delivery devices, diagnostic delivery devices,and the like.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A, the integrated system 10comprises a remote work station or control room 12 and a patient area20, whereby the remote work station 12 is operably associated with thepatient area 20 at a substantial physical distance. The remote workstation 12 includes an imaging system 30 and a CPU component 70. Thepatient area 20 includes an interface device 80 and a catheter 90 and asample probe 20 operably associated with the catheter 90 by way of aconnection path 42. The imaging system 30 is operably associated withthe patient area 20 by way of the interface device 80 through a conduit44. The conduit 44 may include an optical fiber, electrical or wirelesscommunication channel 42 to communicate the imaging system 30 with theinterface device 80. The CPU 70 is operably associated with the imagingsystem 30 to enable the separation of CPU components from the sample bya substantial physical distance, as shown in FIG. 1A. In anotherembodiment, the integrated systems enable installation of CPU componentsand cables in a permanent fashion through the conduit but preserveportability and modularity of the patient interface device and cathetercomponents, as shown in FIGS. 1-4. In another embodiment, the integratedsystems enable multiple instances of the patient interface componentslocated in various locations to interface with a single set of CPUcomponents. The CPU components may be connected with the sample probe byway of wires, cables, optical fibers, wireless communications, and thelike. Communication between any proximal and distal ends of any part ofthe device, system, or apparatus may be by any communication devices,such as wires, optics, wireless, RF, and the like.

In another embodiment, the integrated systems comprise an electronicsubsystem, that generates image data in some remote location andconverts the data to digital form, as shown in FIGS. 1-4. In oneembodiment, a digitizer converts the image data to digital form. Thisdigital data is transmitted across a network and received on theopposite end of the network with another subsystem which performs othertasks (archival, analysis, display) on the data.

Generally, in an optical system for transmitting digital information,the component used to convert electrical data stream to/from the opticaldata stream is an optical transceiver, which is a component forhigh-speed optical networking. Command and control signals can also betransmitted on the network, in addition to the image data. Theintegrated system may include a plurality of optical transceivers andoptical fibers and a plurality of wires or wireless channels can beused. High-bandwidth and long-distance image/data transmission from aremote system to a host computer uses a digital network comprising, aphysical layer. In one embodiment, the network's physical layercomprises an optical communication (e.g. fiber optic), an electricalcommunication (e.g. copper wire or coax cable for CP/IP, UDP, Firewire,USB 2, SCSI, SATA, eSATA, PCI, PCI-Express, IDE, etc.), or wirelesscommunication (e.g. WiFi, Radiofrequency, Bluetooth, mobilecommunication, and the like). The digital data transfer across thenetwork can be in serial or parallel transfer.

The term “Network” is not limited to specific consumer/commercialembodiments (such as Ethernet, USB, or Firewire), but includes anysystem of at least two individual members (e.g. system and hostcomputer) that are interconnected by a communications channel in orderto transmit information (e.g. image data). Image/data compressionreducing transfer bandwidth can include loss compression or losslesscompression. In one embodiment, the remote CPU performs decompression ona compressed incoming data stream.

Additionally, embodiments disclosed herein solve bandwidth limitationsof networks by first performing image compression (e.g. PEG or other)within the remote system before transmitting image data to the host overthe network. The image compression reduces the bandwidth necessary totransmit the image data over a substantial physical distance. A remote,network-connectable system includes system front-end components (e.g.light source, interferometer, digitizer, etc) that can be kept in closeproximity to the sample being imaged, versus extending theinterferometer (long sample arm fiber) or source/detection path fiberoptics. When the front-end system is located remotely and the transferof information to a host computer is via a digital network transfer, awider variety of system installation options is enabled.

Generally speaking, the method for integrating the systems with acatheter lab or other patient procedural area comprise locating thephysician/patient interface components and disposables in proximity tosample; and locating the non-portable hardware a substantial physicaldistance away. In one embodiment, the components and disposables includethe controllers, PIM, and imaging catheter. In one embodiment, thenon-portable hardware includes the CPU components, power supplies,display monitors, and archival system. Generally speaking, the CPUcomponents include power supplies, display monitors, archival system andthe like, may be generally referred to as the “CPU components”, and arefurther explained below.

The method for integrating the system further comprises connecting apatient/physician interface components with CPU components. In oneembodiment, the connecting patient/physician interface includespermanently installed cables (electrical or optical) or wirelesstransmission. In another embodiment, the installed cables may be througha conduit, which may be a floor trench, a ceiling conduit, air forwireless transmission, and the like.

The method for integrating the systems further comprises disconnectingthe patient interface components from the permanently installedcomponents when the patient interface components are not in use, needrepair, substitution, or updating. This embodiment allows formodularity, portability, serviceability, and the like of the integratedsystems.

The method further comprises separating the system from its hostcomputer and connecting with a network cable at a substantial physicaldistance (rather than direct host, bus slot, i.e. PCI/e) to enableimaging system portability and ability to quickly interchange imagingsystems and hosts (e.g. server, desktop PC, laptop PC, netbook, mobiledevice, etc.)

In one embodiment, the image information is transmitted from the sampleto the CPU components in a manner that does not substantially reduce thequality of the image or data. Image quality reduction includes noise(e.g. electrical interference or bit errors on copper cables or wirelesstransmission, lossy compression), group delay dispersion (e.g. an effectin a fiber interferometer which reduces resolution and is hard to managein long fiber cables), z-offset perturbation (mechanical or thermalchanges in interferometer fiber path length), and optical insertion loss(optical transmission compromised by bent or broken fiber ordirty/damaged optical connectors). The integrated systems disclosedherein are able to fulfill these basic integration requirements toreduce noise, group delay dispersion, z-offset perturbation, and opticalinsertion loss.

The integrated system may be used in other medical sub-specialtiesoutside of interventional cardiology in which an integrated OCT systemis important, such as other surgical suites. The OCT applicationsoutside of medicine could also use these integrated OCT systems formaterials characterization for manufacturing, chemical identification,optical fiber architectures, and the like. Other embodiments includeOCT, cardiac catheterization lab integration, OCT system architectures,Optical Frequency Domain Interferometry (OFDI), Swept-Source OCT(SS-OCT), and alternative imaging systems described above, and the like.

Generally speaking, a swept-source Fourier-domain intravascular OCTimaging system comprises: a light source and an optical interferometer.In one embodiment, the light source includes a tunable laser, atunable-superluminescent diode (TSLED) or other tunable light source ofphotons. Alternatively, a light source for any other optical basedimaging system may include a laser, superluminescent diode (SLD), or anyother source of photons. In one embodiment, the optical interferometerincludes a sample path and a reference path. A “path” may be physicallyco-located in the same spatial location or fiber (e.g. “common path”)and, can consist of a number of interferometer layouts (Michelson, MachZehnder, etc). Paths in the interferometer may be physically distributedover long distances and supported by fiber-optic transmission. Theoptical interferometer includes at least one fiber splitter/coupler orother beam-splitting/combining element for the sample and referencepaths.

The OCT interferometer can be operably coupled to a sample probe. In oneembodiment, the sample probe comprises a rotational catheter forintravascular imaging. In other embodiments, the sample probe includesan endoscopic probe, forward-imaging probes, galvo-scanners, or otheralternative lateral scanning mechanisms for a variety of applications.The sample probe necessarily has to be located in close proximity to thesample/patient and is operably associated with the sample path of theinterferometer. An exemplary sample probe is disclosed in commonlyassigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/172,922, incorporated byreference herein.

Additionally, the OCT interferometer is operably coupled to aphotodetector or photoreceiver. The photodetector may include multipledetectors when using balanced detection and/or polarization diversedetection, e.g. splitting the sample path into separate polarizationstates and using at least two detectors to detect the separatedpolarization states. The OCT interferometer is operably coupled to adigitizer, which converts continuous analog OCT signals into sampleddigital OCT signals. Analog pre-filtering and amplification are employedbetween the photoreceiver and digitizer.

The OCT interferometer is operably coupled with a computer or CPUcomponent, which performs processing, display, archival, user interface,etc. functions of the system. In one embodiment, the CPU componentincludes multiple pieces of computing hardware distributed in differentlocations and interconnected with digital communication links. The CPUcomponent can include standard PCs (desktops, laptops, servers, etc),embedded processors (Digital Signal Processors “DSP” and programmablelogic arrays “PLA” such as field-programmable gate array “FPGA”, etc.),graphic cards (Graphic Processing Units “GPU”), and other computinghardware/software. For an integrated imaging system, the primarycomputer elements are located a substantial physical distance away fromthe sample/patient, i.e. in the control room or remote work station. Thecomputer can be of various types including a personal computer, aportable computer, a network computer, a control system in surgicalsystem, a mainframe, or a remotely controlled server.

In one embodiment, the processes, systems, and methods illustrated abovemay be embodied in part or in whole in software that is running on acomputing device or CPU components. The functionality provided for inthe components and modules of the computing device may comprise one ormore components and/or modules. For example, the computing device maycomprise multiple central processing units (CPUs) and a mass storagedevice, such as may be implemented in an array of servers. MultipleCPU's and GPU's may be in a distributed fashion, as more fully describedin commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/868,334,incorporated by reference herein.

In general, the word “module,” as used herein, refers to logic embodiedin hardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions,possibly having entry and exit points, written in a programminglanguage, such as, for example, Java, C or C++, or the like. A softwaremodule may be compiled and linked into an executable program, installedin a dynamic link library, or may be written in an interpretedprogramming language such as, for example, BASIC, Perl, Lua, or Python.It will be appreciated that software modules may be callable from othermodules or from themselves, and/or may be invoked in response todetected events or interrupts. Software instructions may be embedded infirmware, such as an EPROM. It will be further appreciated that hardwaremodules may be comprised of connected logic units, such as gates andflip-flops, and/or may be comprised of programmable units, such asprogrammable gate arrays or processors. The modules described herein arepreferably implemented as software modules, but may be represented inhardware or firmware. Generally, the modules described herein refer tological modules that may be combined with other modules or divided intosub-modules despite their physical organization or storage.

In one embodiment, the CPU components comprises a mainframe computersuitable for controlling and/or communicating with large databases,performing high volume transaction processing, and generating reportsfrom large databases. The CPU may comprise a conventionalmicroprocessor. The CPU components further comprise a memory, such asrandom access memory (“RAM”) for temporary storage of information and/ora read only memory (“ROM”) for permanent storage of information, and amass storage device, such as a hard drive, diskette, or optical mediastorage device. Typically, the modules of the computing system areconnected to the computer using a standards based bus system. Indifferent embodiments, the standards based bus system could bePeripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Microchannel, SCSI, IndustrialStandard Architecture (ISA) and Extended ISA (EISA) architectures, forexample.

The example computing system and CPU components comprises one or morecommonly available input/output (I/O) devices and interfaces, such as akeyboard, mouse, touchpad, and printer. In one embodiment, the I/Odevices and interfaces comprise one or more display devices, such as amonitor, that allows the visual presentation of data to a user. Moreparticularly, a display device provides for the presentation of GUIs,application software data, and multimedia presentations, for example.The I/O devices and interfaces also provide a communications interfaceto various external devices. The computing system may also comprise oneor more multimedia devices, such as speakers, video cards, graphicsaccelerators, and microphones, for example.

In an alternative embodiment, the OCT interferometer includes a VariableDelay Line (VDL) in the either sample or reference path. The VDL is usedto compensate for small pathlength variations in the interferometerduring system use. The integrated OCT system may also include a PatientInterface Module (PIM), which is used in intravascular OCT systems forinterfacing a rotational, catheter with rotation and translation drivemotors. Alternatively, PIM's may be any interface module to couple animaging system component to the catheter, sample, or sample probe. ThePIM component as designated can consist of either a single physical boxor multiple separate boxes (separated with cables, wireless connections,and the like). For example, one interface module has the light source,detectors, digitizer, reference arm in the PIM box and the motor andcatheter interface in a separate PIM box. Alternatively, the interfacemodule may be a longitudinal pullback device, such as the Volcano™Revolution™ PIM, the Volcano™ R100, or the Volcano™ Trak Back IICatheter Pull-Back Device, for operation of a rotational catheter orother imaging catheter.

In an alternative embodiment, the OCT interferometer includes a SampleClock Generator. Light sources with non-linear sweep profiles must beaccompanied by a sample clock generator which effectively synchronizesthe light source output to the digitizer via a separate clockinginterferometer (e.g. “wavemeter”) and photodetector subsystem. Lightsources with linear din k-space) sweeps can use a digitizer's internal(on-board) sample clock generator. The sample clock generator scheme isan important component for SS-OCT. Like other components, its locationcan be distributed physically over a significant distance and can sharecommon elements with the OCT system (interferometer, detectors,digitizer, and the like). An exemplary clock generator is disclosed incommonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/172,980,incorporated by reference herein.

In another embodiment, the OCT interferometer may be a “fiber-based”SS-OCT system. The SS-OCT system generally comprises a Light Source andan Optical interferometer in communication with the light source by asource path. The SS-OCT system comprises a sample path operablyassociated with a scanning, probe. The scanning probe is incommunication with the rest of the interferometer via optical fiber inthe sample path. The SS-OCT system comprises photodetectors incommunication with the Optical interferometer through the detectionpath. The photodetectors are in communication with the digitizers viaanalog signal transmission over electrical wires, commonly including,electronic analog amplification/filtering stages. The digitizers are incommunication with the CPU via digital communication (electrical,digital optical, or wireless; parallel or serial data transmission;computer data bus) or analog. An exemplary SS-OCT system is described inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/172,980, and incorporated byreference herein.

In, a “non-fiber-based” SS-OCT system, the fiber components can bereplaced with bulk optical components (beam-splitters, lenses, mirrors,polarizers, etc) and the optical beams are transmitted through openspace. Photodetector/Digitizer/Computer connectivity remains the same.

In a Spectral Domain (spectrometer-based) OCT system, the samecomponents are used with a few modifications. The light source is nolonger tunable, but is a broadband short-coherence length source. Thephotodetectors are replaced with a spectrometer and detector array andthe digitizer is usually referred to as a frame grabber, although itsfunction is basically the same. All other basic system, components andinterconnectivity are the same.

Other intravascular imaging systems follow the same architecturalparadigm of physically containing all system elements (except for thesample path which extends to the sample via the PIM and catheter)together inside a cart or mobile console. The digitizer is usuallycontained within the computer and is connected via a high-speed internaldata bus of the computer (e.g. PCI, PCIe). The photodetectors can belocated on the same card as the digitizer, as can some embeddedprocessing units. Many specific configurations of the basic elements arepossible, but all maintain the same physical co-location in a mobilecart. The integrated system architectures disclosed herein enable aparadigm in which the primary system elements are not physicallyco-located in the same cart or mobile console.

In one embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG. 1B,which is an extended interferometer sample path. The integrated OCTsystem 100 comprises a control room or a remote work station 110 and apatient area 120, whereby the remote work station 110 is operablyassociated with the patient area 120. The control room 110 may be anygeneral area or location that is a substantial physical distance fromthe patient area 120, such as the remote work station. The control room110 comprises a light source 130 operably associated with aninterferometer 140, a photodetector 150 operably associated with theinterferometer 140, a digitizer 160 operably associated with thephotodetector 150, and a CPU 170 operably associated with the digitizer160. The patient area 120 comprises a PIM 180 operably associated with acatheter 190, and a sample probe 200 operably associated with thecatheter 190. The interferometer 140 includes an extended sample path142 that operably associates with the sample probe 200 to integrate thecontrol room OCT system with the Patient Area and PIM 180. Generallyspeaking, the extended sample path 142 is provided within a conduit 144,whereby the conduit may be an optical fiber, an electrical coupling, andthe like. The integrated OCT system 100 locates the OCT sample asubstantial physical distance away from the OCT system's centralprocessing/display/archival unit. The CPU 170 in the control room 110 isfor the imaging and processing of the images obtained from the catheter190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment or architecture, the integrated OCT system 100 isshown in FIG. 1C, which is an extended source path and detector system.The integrated OCT system 100 in this embodiment comprises the controlroom 110 and the patient area 120, whereby the control room 110 isoperably associated with the patient area 120 at a substantial physicaldistance. The control room 110 comprises the light source 130, thephotodetector 150 operably associated with the digitizer 160, and theCPU 170 operably associated with the digitizer 160. The patient area 120comprises the PIM 180 which includes the interferometer 140 operablyassociated with the sample probe 200 by the sample path 142, whereby thecatheter 190 includes the sample probe 200. The light source 130 isoperably associated with the interferometer 140 at a substantialphysical distance by a source path 146 through the conduit 144, and adetection path is operably associated with the interferometer and thephotodetector 150 through the conduit 144. If a Michelson interferometeris employed then a shared source path 146 and detection path 148 areused. If a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is employed, then a separatedetection path 148 from the path 146 may be used. The CPU 170 in thecontrol room 110 is for the imaging and processing of the imagesobtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.2A, which is an extended digitizer-CPU system. The integrated OCT system100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110 and the patientarea 120, whereby the control room 110 is operably associated with thepatient area 120 at a substantial physical distance. The control room110 comprises the CPU 170 and the patient area 120 comprises the PIM 180and the catheter 190. The PIM 180 includes the light source 130, theinterferometer 140, the photodetector 150, and the digitizer 160. Thelight source 130 is operably associated with the interferometer 140within the PIM 180, while the interferometer 140 operably associatedwith the sample probe 200 by the sample path 142. With theinterferometer 140 included in the PIM 180, the sample path 142 does nottraverse a substantial physical distance, but is rather locallyconnected with the catheter 190. The interferometer 140 is operablyassociated with the photodetector 150 in the PIM 180, while thephotodetector 150 is operably associated with the digitizer 160 withinthe PIM 180. The digitizer 160 is operably associated with the CPU 170in the control room 170 by way of CPU path 162 that is operablyassociated with the conduit 144. The integrated OCT system 100 locatesthe OCT sample a substantial physical distance away from the OCTsystem's central processing/display/archival unit. The CPU 170 in thecontrol room 110 is for the imaging and processing of the imagesobtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.2B, which is an extended digitizer-CPU mobile system. The integrated OCTsystem 100 in this embodiment comprises a mobile console 112 and thepatient area 120, whereby the mobile console 112 is operably associatedwith the patient area or patient bedside 120 at a physical distance. Themobile console 112 includes wheels or other mobile transport devicesthat allow the mobile console 112 to travel with the CPU 170. The mobileconsole 110 comprises the CPU 170 and a display 114 and the patient area120 comprises the PIM engine 180 and the catheter 190. The PIM 180includes the light source 130, the interferometer 140, the photodetector150, and the digitizer 160. The light source 130 is operably associatedwith the interferometer 140 within the PIM 180, while the interferometer140 operably associated with the sample probe 200 by the sample path142. With the interferometer 140 included in the PIM 180, the samplepath 142 does not traverse a substantial physical distance, but israther locally connected with the catheter 190. The interferometer 140is operably associated with the photodetector 150 in the PIM 180, whilethe photodetector 150 is operably associated with the digitizer 160within the PIM 180. The digitizer 160 is operably associated with theCPU 170 in the mobile console 112 by way a PIM cable 162. The PIM cable162 may be any connecting device and disconnected with the mobileconsole 112 through known connecting devices, female/male connectors,and the like. The CPU 170 in the control room 110 is for the imaging andprocessing of the images obtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.2C, which is an extended digitizer-CPU laptop system. The integrated OCTsystem 100 in this embodiment comprises a laptop 116 and the patientarea 120, whereby the laptop 116 is operably associated with the patientarea or patient bedside 120 at a physical distance. The laptop 116includes any computer-related device with a CPU 170, including, but notlimited to netbooks, tablets, PDA's, mobile phones, music players, andthe like, which may travel with the CPU 170. The laptop 116 comprisesthe CPU 170 and a display 114 and, the patient area 120 comprises thePIM engine 180 and the catheter 190. The PIM 180 includes the lightsource 130, the interferometer 140, the photodetector 150, and thedigitizer 160. The light source 130 is operably associated with theinterferometer 140 within the PIM 180, while the interferometer 140operably associated with the sample probe 200 by the sample path 142.With the interferometer 140 included in the PIM 180, the sample path 142does not traverse a substantial physical distance, but is rather locallyconnected with the catheter 190. The interferometer 140 is operablyassociated with the photodetector 150 in the PIM 180, while thephotodetector 150 is operably associated with the digitizer 160 withinthe PIM 180. The digitizer 160 is operably associated with the CPU 170in the laptop 116 by way of PIM cable 162. The PIM cable 162 may bedisconnected with the laptop 116 through known connecting devices,female/male connectors, USB connectors, video cables, HDMI cables, andthe like. The CPU 170 in the control room 110 is for the imaging andprocessing of the images obtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.3A, which is dual light path and PIM cable system. The integrated OCTsystem 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110 includingthe light source 130 and the CPU 170 while being operably associatedwith the Patient Table/Bed 120 that includes the PIM 180 and thecatheter 190. The patient table 120 is located at a substantial physicaldistance from the control room 110. The light source 130 in the controlroom 110 is operably associated with the PIM 180 by way of a source path146. The PIM 180 includes the interferometer 140, the photodetector 150,and the digitizer 160, whereby the interferometer 140 is operablyassociated with the source path 146. The interferometer 140 is furtheroperably associated with the sample probe 200 by way of the sample path142. With, the interferometer 140 included, in the PIM 180, the samplepath 142 does not traverse a substantial physical distance, but israther locally connected with the catheter 190 and the sample probe 200.The interferometer 140 is operably associated with the photodetector 150in the PIM 180, while the photodetector 150 is operably associated withthe digitizer 160 within the PIM 180. The digitizer 160 is operablyassociated with the CPU 170 in the control room 110 by way of PIM cable162 through the conduit 144. The PIM cable 162 may be disconnected withthe control room 110 through known connecting devices, female/maleconnectors, USB connectors, video cables, HDMI cables, and the like. Theintegrated OCT system 100 locates the OCT sample a substantial physicaldistance away from the OCT system's central processing/display/archivalunit. The CPU in the control room 110 is for the imaging and processingof the images obtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.3B, which is dual light path and PIM cable system. The integrated OCTsystem 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110 includingthe light source 130, the CPU 170, and the digitizer 160 while beingoperably associated with the Patient Table/Bed 120 that includes the PIM180 and the catheter 190. The patient area 120 is located at asubstantial physical distance from the control room 110. The lightsource 130 in the control room 110 is operably associated with the PIM180 by way of a source path 146. The PIM 180 includes the interferometer140 and the photodetector 150, whereby the interferometer 140 isoperably associated with the source path 146. The interferometer 140 isfurther operably associated with the sample probe 200 by way of thesample path 142. With the interferometer 140 included in the PIM 180,the sample path 142 does not traverse a substantial physical distance,but is rather locally connected with the catheter 190 and the sampleprobe 200. The interferometer 140 is operably associated with thephotodetector 150 in the PIM 180, while the photodetector 150 isoperably associated with the digitizer 160 by way of a digitizer path164 through the conduit 144. The digitizer 160 is operably associatedwith the CPU 170 in the control room 110. The digitizer path 164 may bedisconnected with the control room 110 through known connecting devices,female/male connectors, USB connectors, video cables, HDMI cables, andthe like. The CPU 170 in the control room 110 is for the imaging andprocessing of the images obtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.3C, which is PIM integrated interferometer system. The integrated OCTsystem 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110 includingthe CPU 170 and the digitizer 160 while being operably associated withthe patient area 120 that includes the PIM 180 and the catheter 190. Thepatient area 120 is located at a substantial physical distance from thecontrol room 110. The PIM includes the light source 130, theinterferometer 140, and the photodetector 150, whereby theinterferometer 140 is operably associated with the photodetector 150with the PIM 180. The interferometer 140 is further operably associatedwith the sample probe 200 by way of the sample path 142. With theinterferometer 140 included in the PIM 180, the sample path 142 does nottraverse a substantial physical distance, but is rather locallyconnected with the catheter 190 and the sample probe 200. Theinterferometer 140 is operably associated with the photodetector 150 inthe PIM 180, while the photodetector 150 is operably associated with thedigitizer 160 by way of a digitizer path 164 through the conduit 144.The digitizer 160 is operably associated with the CPU 170 in the controlroom 110. The digitizer path 164 may be disconnected with the controlroom 110 through known connecting devices, female/male connectors, USBconnectors, video cables, HDMI cables, and the like. The CPU in thecontrol room 110 is for the imaging and processing of the imagesobtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.3D, which is PIM integrated interferometer system. The integrated OCTsystem 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110 including,the CPU 170, the digitizer 160, and the photodetector 150 while beingoperably associated with the Patient Table/Bed 120 that includes the PIM180 and the catheter 190. The patient area 120 is located at asubstantial physical distance from the control room 110. The PIMincludes the light source 130 and the interferometer 140, whereby theinterferometer 140 is operably associated with the photodetector 150 byway of a detection path 166. The interferometer 140 is further operablyassociated with the sample probe 200 by way of the sample path 142. Withthe interferometer 140 included in the PIM 180, the sample path 142 doesnot traverse a substantial physical distance, but is rather locallyconnected with the catheter 190 and the sample probe 200. Theinterferometer 140 is operably associated with the photodetector 150 byway of the detection path 166 through the conduit 144. The photodetector150 in the control room 110 is operably associated with the digitizer160 and the digitizer 160 is operably associated with the CPU 170 in thecontrol room 110. The detection path 166 may be disconnected with thecontrol room 110 through known connecting devices, female/maleconnectors, USB connectors, video cables, HDMI cables, and the like. TheCPU in the control room 110 is for the imaging and processing of theimages obtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.4A, which is a distributed interferometer system. The integrated OCTsystem 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110 includingthe CPU 170 operably associated with at least two patient areas 120 aand 120 b. The patient areas 120 a and 120 b effectively distribute theCPU 170 capabilities to multiple patient areas when the control room 110is located at a substantial physical distance away from such patientareas 120 a and 120 b. The patient areas 120 a and 120 b include the PIM180 and the catheter 190, whereby the PIM 180 includes the light source130, the interferometer 140, the photodetector 150, and the digitizer160. The interferometer 140 is operably associated with the sample probe200 in the catheter 190 by the sample path 142. The digitizer 160 in thePIM 180 is operably associated with the CPU 170 in the control room 110by way of the CPU path 162. The CPU 170 is operable with multiple inputsfor the CPU paths 162, as to accept multiple CPU paths 162 from multiplePIMs 180 and patient areas 120 a and 120 b. The integrated OCT system100 locates the OCT sample a substantial physical distance away from theOCT system's central processing/display/archival unit. The CPU 170 inthe control room 110 is for the imaging and processing of the imagesobtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.4B, which is another distributed interferometer system. The integratedOCT system 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110including the CPU 170 and at least two digitizers 160 a and 160 boperably associated with at least two patient areas 120 a and 120 b,respectively. The patient areas 120 a and 120 b and the two digitizers160 a and 160 b effectively distribute the CPU 170 capabilities tomultiple patient areas when the control room 110 is located at asubstantial physical distance away from such patient areas 120 a and 120b. The patient areas 120 a and 120 b include the PIM 180 and thecatheter 190, whereby the PIM 180 includes the light source 130, theinterferometer 140, and the photodetector 150. The interferometer 140 isoperably associated with the sample probe 200 in the catheter 190 by thesample path 142. The photodetector 150 is operably associated with thedigitizers 160 a and 160 b in the control room 110 by way of thedigitizer path 164. The CPU 170 is operable with multiple inputs for thedigitizers 160 a and 160 b, as to accept multiple photodetectors 150from multiple PIMs 180 and patient areas 120 a and 120 b. The CPU 170 inthe control room 110 is for the imaging and processing of the imagesobtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.4C, which is another distributed interferometer system. The integratedOCT system 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110including the CPU 170 and a single digitizer 160 operably associatedwith at least two patient areas 120 a and 120 b. The patient areas 120 aand 120 b and the digitizers 160 effectively distribute the CPU 170capabilities to multiple patient areas when the control room 110 islocated, at a substantial physical distance away from such patient areas120 a and 120 b. The patient areas 120 a and 120 b include the PIM 180and the catheter 190, whereby the PIM 180 includes the light source 130,the interferometer 140, and the photodetector 150. The interferometer140 is operably associated with the sample probe 200 in the catheter 190by the sample path 142. The photodetectors 150 a and 150 b are operablyassociated with the digitizer 160 in the control room 110 by way of thedigitizer paths 164. The digitizer 160 is operable with multiple inputsfor the digitizer paths 164, as to accept multiple photodetectors 150from multiple PIMs 180 and patient areas 120 a and 120 b. The CPU 170 inthe control room 110 is for the imaging and processing of the imagesobtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe 200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.4D, which is another distributed interferometer system. The integratedOCT system 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110including the light source 130, the digitizer 160, and the CPU 170,whereby the light source 130 is operably associated with at least twopatient areas 120 a and 120 b. The patient areas 120 a and 120 beffectively distribute the light source's 130 capabilities to multiplepatient areas when the control room 110 is located at a substantialphysical distance away from such patient areas 120 a and 120 b. Thepatient areas 120 a and 120 b include the PIM 180 and the catheter 190,whereby the PIM 180 includes the interferometer 140 and thephotodetector 150. The light source 130 is operably associated with theinterferometers 140 in the PIMs 180 by the light paths 146 a and 146 bthrough the conduits 144 a and 144 b. The interferometers 140 areoperably associated with the sample probe 200 in the catheter 190 by thesample path 142. The photodetectors 150 a and 150 b are operablyassociated with the digitizer 160 in the control room 110 by way of thedigitizer paths 164 a and 164 b. The digitizer 160 is operable withmultiple inputs for the digitizer paths 164 a and 164 b, as to acceptmultiple photodetectors 150 from multiple PIMs 180 and patient areas 120a and 120 b. The digitizer 160 is operably associated with the CPU 170in the control room 110 for imaging and, processing.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.4E, which is another distributed interferometer system. The integratedOCT system 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110including the light source 130 and the CPU 170, whereby the light source130 is operably associated with at least two patient areas 120 a and 120b. The patient areas 120 a and 120 b effectively distribute the lightsource's 130 capabilities to multiple patient areas when the controlroom 110 is located at a substantial physical distance away from suchpatient areas 120 a and 120 b. The patient areas 120 a and 120 b includethe PIM 180 and the catheter 190, whereby the PIM 180 includes theinterferometer 140, the photodetector 150, and the digitizers 160 a and160 b. The light source 130 is operably associated with theinterferometers 140 in the PIMs 180 by the light paths 146 a and 146 bthrough the conduits 144 a and 144 b. The interferometers 140 areoperably associated with the sample probe 200 in the catheter 190 by thesample path 142. The photodetectors 150 a and 150 b are operablyassociated with the digitizers 160 a and 160 b in the PIM 180. Thedigitizers 160 a and 160 b are operable with the CPU 170 in the controlroom 110 by CPU paths 162 a and 162 b. The CPU 170 includes multipleinputs for the CPU paths 162 a and 162 b, as to accept multipledigitizers 160 a and 160 b from multiple PIMs 180 and patient areas 120a and 120 b. The CPU 170 in the control room 110 is for the imaging andprocessing of the images obtained from the catheter 190 and sample probe200.

In another embodiment, the integrated OCT system 100 is shown in FIG.4F, which is another distributed interferometer system. The integratedOCT system 100 in this embodiment comprises the control room 110including the light source 130, the digitizers 160 a and 160 b, and theCPU 170, whereby the light source 130 is operably associated with atleast two patient areas 120 a and 120 b. The patient areas 120 a and 120b effectively distribute the light source's 130 capabilities to multiplepatient areas when the control room 110 is located at a substantialphysical distance away from such patient areas 120 a and 120 b. Thepatient areas 120 a and 120 b include the PIM 180 and the catheter 190,whereby the PIM 180 includes the interferometer 140 and thephotodetectors 150 a and 150 b. The light source 130 is operablyassociated with the interferometers 140 in the PIMs 180 by the lightpaths 146 a and 146 b through the conduits 144 a and 144 b. Theinterferometers 140 are operably associated with the sample probe 200 inthe catheter 190 by the sample path 142. The photodetectors 150 a and150 b are operably associated with the interferometer 140 and with thedigitizers 160 a and 160 b in the control room 110 by way of thedigitizer paths 164 a and 164 b from multiple PIMs 180 and patient areas120 a and 120 b. The digitizers 160 a and 160 b are operably associatedwith the CPU 170 in the control room 110, such that the CPU 170 is ableto accept multiple digitizers 160 a and 160 b. The CPU 170 in thecontrol room 110 processes the images from multiple patient areas.

While the invention has been described in connection with variousembodiments, it will be understood that the invention is capable offurther modifications. This application is intended to cover anyvariations, uses or adaptations of the invention following, in general,the principles of the invention, and including such departures from thepresent disclosure as, within the known and customary practice withinthe art to which the invention pertains.

1-34. (canceled)
 35. A system, comprising: an intravascular imagingprobe configured to obtain image data while disposed inside a vessel ofa patient positioned on a bed; an interface module configured to bedirectly connected to the intravascular imaging probe, wherein theinterface module comprises a housing configured to be positioned on thebed, wherein the interface module is configured to perform firstprocessing of the image data within the housing, wherein the firstprocessing comprises: at least one of amplification or filtering ofanalog electrical signals representative of the image data; conversionof the analog electrical signals to digital electrical signals; andpreparation of the digital electrical signals for transfer via aconnector cable; a mobile console configured to be remote from the bed,wherein the mobile console comprises: a mobile transport device; adisplay; and a central processing unit (CPU) configured to: receive thedigital electrical signals; perform second processing of the digitalelectrical signals; and display an image based on the second processingon the display; and the connector cable, wherein the connector cableextends between the mobile console and the interface module.
 36. Thesystem of claim 35, wherein the mobile console comprises a laptop. 37.The system of claim 35, wherein the mobile console comprises a cart,wherein the mobile transport device comprises wheels.
 38. The system ofclaim 35, wherein the intravascular imaging probe comprises a rotatingintravascular imaging probe.
 39. The system of claim 38, wherein theinterface module comprises a motor configured to drive rotation of theintravascular imaging probe.
 40. The system of claim 39, wherein theinterface module comprises a second motor that drives translation of theintravascular imaging probe.
 41. The system of claim 35, wherein themobile console and the interface module are directly connected via theconnector cable.
 42. The system of claim 35, wherein the connector cablecomprises an Ethernet cable.
 43. The system of claim 35, wherein theinterface module comprises a digitizer disposed within the housing andconfigured to perform the conversion, wherein the conversion comprisessampling the analog electrical signals.
 44. The system of claim 43,wherein the digitizer is configured to perform the preparation.
 45. Thesystem of claim 43, wherein the interface module comprises aphotodetector or photoreceiver disposed within the housing, wherein thephotodetector or photoreceiver is in communication with the digitizervia electrical wires configured to transmit the analog electricalsignals.
 46. The system of claim 45, wherein the interface module isconfigured to perform the at least one of amplification or filteringbetween the photodetector or photoreceiver, and the digitizer.
 47. Thesystem of claim 35, wherein the preparation comprises compression of thedigital electrical signals, and wherein the second processing comprisesdecompression of the digital electrical signals.